Dengue, also known as dengue fever, is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. This disease is a significant health issue in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and its prevalence has been increasing over the past few years.

Causes of Occurrence

Dengue is most commonly found in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Latin America, and certain parts of Africa. Urbanization, climate change, and the development of international transport contribute to the spread of the virus. It is also important to note that changes in the ecosystem, such as an increase in standing water, favor the breeding of mosquitoes.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dengue usually appear 4 to 10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The main symptoms include:

  • High fever
  • Severe headache
  • Pain behind the eyes
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Rash
  • Nausea and vomiting

The disease can manifest in various forms, including mild dengue and more severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which can lead to serious complications, including life-threatening conditions.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Dengue diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory tests that can detect the presence of the virus or antibodies. There is no specific treatment for dengue; therapy mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, rehydrating the body, and, in some cases, using pain relievers and antipyretics. It is crucial to avoid using medications containing aspirin, as they may increase the risk of bleeding.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent dengue is by controlling mosquito populations and protecting oneself from mosquito bites. Recommended methods include:

  • Eliminating mosquito breeding sites: Regularly cleaning containers of water to prevent water accumulation.
  • Using repellents: Applying mosquito repellents on skin and clothing.
  • Wearing protective clothing: Long sleeves and pants can reduce the risk of bites.
  • Installing mosquito nets: Fitting nets on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes outside.

Conclusion

Dengue is a serious disease that can lead to dangerous complications. Awareness of symptoms, diagnostic possibilities, and prevention methods is essential in combating this illness. Regular efforts to eliminate mosquitoes and personal protection can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Public education and preventive actions are crucial to minimizing the impact of dengue on public health in at-risk regions